What types of abiotic damage can affect plants?

The correct choice highlights that pollution, drought, and mechanical injury are significant types of abiotic damage that can impact plants. Abiotic factors are non-living environmental factors, and each of the options listed represents a distinct form of stress that can adversely influence plant health.

Pollution can introduce harmful chemicals into the soil and air, adversely affecting plant growth and development. Drought, characterized by insufficient water availability, can lead to water stress, impacting photosynthesis and overall plant vigor. Mechanical injury can result from human activity or natural events that physically harm the plants, leading to reduced growth or death.

The other options do not adequately encompass a broad spectrum of abiotic damage. While over-fertilization and freeze damage are indeed abiotic, they do not represent the variety and commonality of effects covered by pollution, drought, and mechanical injury. Physical injuries may not alone define abiotic stress, and bacterial infections, on the other hand, are classified as biotic factors, thus falling outside the scope of abiotic damage.